CYLINDRICALS

Cylindrical projection is a map projection on which meridians of normal aspect are mapped by straight parallel lines at the distance proportional to the differences between the corresponding longitudes of the meridians, and parallels by straight parallel lines ortogonal to meridians, at the distances depending on mapping conditions.
There are many different cylindrical projections. One of them is the Mercator projection.

Marine charts are usually produced in the normal aspect Mercator projection

Take a look at the animated visualisation of scales in cylindrical map projections

Types of Cylindrical Projections	Links	Videos
Lambert Equal-Area Cylindrical Projection	https://www.mapthematics.com/ProjectionsList.php?Projection=18 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert_cylindrical_equal-area_projection http://www.georeference.org/doc/cylindrical_equal_area.htm http://radio.feld.cvut.cz/matlab/toolbox/map/lambertequalareacylindric.html http://www.progonos.com/furuti/MapProj/Normal/ProjCyl/ProjCEA/projCEA.html#EqualAreaCylindrical http://map-projections.net/single-view/lambert http://www.csiss.org/map-projections/Cylindrical/Lambert_Cylindrical_E_a.pdf
Equidistant Cylindrical Projection	https://www.mapthematics.com/ProjectionsList.php?Projection=36#equidistant cylindric http://www.progonos.com/furuti/MapProj/Normal/ProjCyl/projCyl.html#Rectangular http://www.mathworks.com/help/map/eqdcylin.html http://www.emapsworld.com/world-equidistant-cylindrical-projection-map.html
Miller's Cylindrical Projection	http://www.progonos.com/furuti/MapProj/Normal/ProjCyl/projCyl.html#Miller https://www.mapthematics.com/ProjectionsList.php?Projection=20#Miller cylindric http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/mapproj/gif/millerc.gif http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb//pubs/MapProjections/projections.html#miller http://www.mathworks.com/help/map/miller.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller_cylindrical_projection http://map-projections.net/single-view/miller
Gall's Stereographic Projection	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gall_stereographic_projection http://members.shaw.ca/quadibloc/maps/mcy0102.htm http://wiki.gis.com/wiki/index.php/Gall_Stereographic_projection https://www.mapthematics.com/ProjectionsList.php?Projection=11#Gall stereographic http://www.colorado.edu/geography/gcraft/notes/mapproj/gif/gall.gif http://map-projections.net/single-view/gall-stereographic http://www.csiss.org/map-projections/Cylindrical/Gall_Stereographic.pdf